Question

Which best describes President Carter’s attempts to free the hostages in Iran?

Answer 1

President Carter tried several diplomatic approaches to free the hostages, however, all of his efforts failed. He decided to launch a risky rescue operation, Operation Eagle Claw, over the objections of several of his military advisors. On November 4, 1979, a group of student militants stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took about seventy Americans as hostages. This act was in response to the United States allowing the deposed Shah of Iran to seek refuge in the United States and also have his medical treatment there. This act of terrorism was one of the most serious challenges faced by President Jimmy Carter during his term and was a test for the developing diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States.

Further Explanation-

The Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, received military help and economic aid to prevent the nationalization of oil exports in Iran. This was a political and diplomatic move by the United States, to control Iran’s most important export. The people of Iran deeply resented the Shah’s pro- American policies and were afraid that Iran would come under the indirect rule of the United States. The Iranians rebelled against the Shah and maintained that all oil companies should be nationalized immediately. However, the Shah suppressed his opponents and banished a popular religious-nationalist, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who was a sworn enemy of the United States. The Shah was unable to maintain his rule due to his expensive militarization and was unwilling to grant civic liberties to his citizens. His regime ended, and the Shah fled from Iran and took political refuge in the United States. The new leader of Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini, incited young Iranian militants to take over the U.S. Embassy as the United States had granted permission to the Shah to seek medical treatment.  

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Answer Details-

Grade- High School.

Chapter- Tensions in the Gulf and the Arab States.

Subject- History

Keywords-

Militants, Hostages, diplomacy, nationalism, westernization, militarization, economic and political control, a political refugee.

Answer 2

President Carter's attempts to free the hostages were done in good faith and effort, but were hampered by failures in communication, delivery and execution. The plan involved servicemen who were not as well-trained as they could have been and certain weather effects like the "haboob" which was a big dust cloud, doomed the mission. Carter does deserve credit for taking responsibility for the failure however.