The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
FALSE
All organisms use this "mechanism" to defend their food and shelter. Birds protect their nest just like all other animals and they fight for food.
I hope this answers your question.
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I am not entirely sure about this. So maybe my response can help you find the answer a little better if my answer is not entirely right?
These last three questions are referring to everything you just worked on. So all you would have to do is refer back to your previous answers. Recall that the titles of the "part 1, 2, and 3" are titled "crossing beak color and tail-feather length", "crossing beak color and feather color", and "mapping tail-feather length and feather color".
1.List the distances between each pair of genes:
beak color and tail-feather length: 20 MU
beak color and feather color: 16 MU
tail-feather length and feather color: 4 MU
2.Which two alleles are the farthest apart?
(the one that is 20 MU apart) Y and L
3.Which two alleles are the closest together?
(the ones that are 4 MU apart) L and B
Answer:
(2⁵)²: 1024 combinations
Explanation:
In this case, the chromosome haploid number (n) of the target species is equal to 10, and therefore its diploid number (2n) is equal to 5 (i.e., somatic cells in the target species contain 5 pairs of chromosomes). That means that one individual can produce 2⁵ or 32 different gametic combinations. Moreover, the number of possible combinations that emerge from paring different gametes (sexual reproduction) can be calculated as (32)² = 1024 combinations.
Answer:
Food?
i need 20 more characters so..
