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4 years ago

Describe the importance of ferrite and austenite stabilizing elements in steels

Engineering

1 answer:

podryga [215]4 years ago

3 0

Answer:

The importance of ferrite and austenite stabilizing elements in steels .

Explanation:

Alloying -

The process which improves the properties of the steel by changing the chemical composition of the steel via adding some elements .

The properties can be improved by - Stabilizing Austenite and Stabilizing Ferrite .

Stabilizing austenite -

The process by which temperature is increased , in which Austenite exists .

Elements with the same crystal structure as of the austenite ( FCC ) raises its A4 value i.e. the temperature of the formation of austenite from its liquid phase and reduces the value of A3 .

Hence, the elements are -

Cobalt , Nickel , Manganese , Copper.

The examples of the Austenitic steels are -

Hadfield Steel ( 13% Mn , 1.2% Cr , 1% C ) and Austenitic Stainless steel.

Stabilizing ferrite –

The process by which temperature is decreased , in which austenite exists .

Elements with the same crystal structure as of the ferrite (BCC - Cubic body centered ) lowers its A4 value i.e. the temperature of the formation of austenite from its liquid phase and increases the value of A3 .These elements have lower solubility of carbon in austenite, that lead to increase in the amount of carbides in the steel.

Hence, the elements are -

Aluminium , Silicon , Tungsten , Chromium , Molybdenum , Vanadium

The examples of the Ferritic steels are -

F-Cr alloys , transformer sheets steel ( 3% Si ).

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An 18-in.-long titanium alloy rod is subjected to a tensile load of 24,000 lb. If the allowable tensile stress is 60 ksi and the

Vilka [71]

Answer:

Required Diameter = 302.65 inches

Explanation:

We are given;

Allowable tensile stress = 60 ksi

Weight of tensile load = 24,000 lb

Elongation = 0.05 in

Original length = 18 in

We'll need to check the diameters under stress and strain.

Now, we know that the formula for stress is;

Stress = Force/Area

Thus,

Area = Force/stress

So for this stress, area required is;

A_req = 24000/60 = 4000 in²

So let's find the required diameter here.

Area = πd²/4

So, 4000 = πd²/4

(4000 x 4)/π = d²

d² = 5092.96

Required diameter here is;

d = √5092.96

d = 71.36 in

For Strain;

Formula for strain is;

Strain = stress/E

We are given E = 120 ksi

stress = P/A = 24,000/A

strain = elongation/original length = 0.05/18 = 0.00278

Thus;

0.00278 = P/(A•E)

0.00278 = 24000/(120 x A)

Making A the subject to obtain;

A = 24000/(120 x 0.00278)

A_required = 71942 in²

Area = πd²/4

So, 71942 = πd²/4

(71942 x 4)/π = d²

d² = 91599.4

Required diameter here is;

d = √91599.4

d = 302.65 in

The larger diameter is 302.65 inchesand it's therefore the required one.

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4 years ago

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11111nata11111 [884]

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3 years ago

Explain why advances in technology can actually create more problems for engineers.

andrew11 [14]

Explanation:

Engineering is science in practical terms. It is the application of scientific findings in problem solving and creating a better world.

How does technological advancements create more problems for engineers?

Loss of job to automation: the world is driving at automating work processes through the use of specially designed and crafted machinery. Work is now properly being done using machines with little to no human input in the whole process. This is a huge let off for engineers. Engineers have to compete with machines which are their own inventions for jobs now.
Fast paced work environment: machines can handle work more efficiently and faster than the people making them. There is an increasing race between engineers and their own inventions today for better product delivery. Unless a machine is faulty, they are more productive and efficient than man. This can cause engineers to want to catch up with their own inventions leading to a work life of stress.
Environmental problems they cannot solve: most inventions use components from the environment. They release effluents that are very difficult to be properly disposed or stored. This is a huge problem for engineers and can lead to ethical calls from the government and the populace. In short, they can create problems they are expected to solve but cannot solve.
Social problems: engineers can be portrayed as terrible beings for their own inventions. This leads to psychological problems on a good and creative invention. For example, rare earth metals in DR Congo are instrumental in making solar panels, but mining of these metals have forced several thousands of people into hard and intense labor on mines; there is a call on technological firms to stop exploiting people this way for their own gains.
Misuse of technology: any good technology can be put into the wrong use. A nuclear reaction can be packaged into a bomb and also, it can be the center of electricity generation on a commercial scale. How can engineers solve this kind of problem? Technological inventions are subjective in their usage.

Learn more:

New technology brainly.com/question/5768621

#learnwithBrainly

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Answer: Technician A

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Answer:

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