Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Become familiar with recommended caloric guidelines.
Set a goal to eat more fruits and vegetables.
Explanation: To prevent chronic illness through proper nutrition, Mason will need to seek professional help that will list guidelines for how he should eat. Mason should familiarize himself with the recommended calorie guidelines because he will be able to eat properly to achieve his goal. In addition, Mason should eat lots of fruits and vegetables that will provide many nutrients and vitamins needed for your health. Mason should also avoid sugary foods with high amounts of salt and trans and saturated fats.
Answer:
someone who gets angry while driving because of what another driver / person did.
Gauze , cotton swabs , gloves hope this helps
