Answer:
A
Step-by-step explanation:
A real interest rate is an interest rate that has been adjusted to remove the effects of inflation to reflect the real cost of funds to the borrower and the real yield to the lender or to an investor. A nominal interest rate refers to the interest rate before taking inflation into account.
The probability is 0.8997.
We will use a z-score to answer this question. z-scores are given by the formula

With our information, we have

Looking this up in a z-table (http://www.z-table.com) we see that the area to the left of this (everything less than, up to this value) is 0.8997.
Answer- A-16
Because when doing completing the square, you divide the coefficient of x by 2, which is 4, and the square it which is 16
It says pdf loading so i can’t help sorry