<span>An example can be “Kate is shocked to
hear that her best friend Mary, apparently a very honest individual, cheated on
a physics question".</span>
The term cognitive
dissonance in the study of psychology is used for the psychological disturbance
experienced by an individual who at the same time have two or more ideas,
concepts or values which are contradictory to each other.
Answer: This concept can be used to determine the acceptable level of risk, by placing the amount of risk in a given situation to balance against time, trouble, cost, and physical difficulty of taking precautions to avoid risk. If a balance is seen with risk against this variables, then the risk is acceptable.
The pitfall to applying this concept are as follows;
• it doesn't guarantee safety.
• it is always expensive, if we want to apply this principle to it best.
• it doesn't have a standard order for all kinds of risk. The application varies from risk to risk, also depending on locations of the risk.
Explanation: The ALARP principle is that risk shall be reduced as far as reasonably practicable. This means that zero risk can not be achieved. But we can achieve zero accident, using the ALARP principle.
Before we can boast for achieving ALARP, we must check if the risk is equal or less than time spent,cost, the trouble or challenge, and the physical difficulty of taking a good measure to avoid the risk. If the risk is equal or less than this variables, that means that the risk has been reduced as far as reasonably practicable.
Answer: Positive reinforcement
Explanation:
Positive reinforcement refers to the state of providing the subject with a reward or something whenever they tend to perform action required, so that they can associate this action with reward and therefore tend to do often. This reward is known as reinforcing stimulus. This type of consequence tend to works because in this case the brain frequently connects the desired action with the reward, and thus subject tends to repeat this desired action in order to get the reward in the future.
The answer is point 'B'(irrational).
According to this theory, people face the problems when they learn or think without the use of reason because the irrational way of thinking is negative and non realistic and effect our lives with wrong ways.
Irrationality refers to comprehension, thinking, talking, or acting without consideration for reason ability. It will be a greater amount particularly portrayed as a movement or assessment provided for through insufficient utilization of reason, alternately through passionate misery or lack of judgment.
