Question

A study published in 2010 showed that city dwellers have a higher risk of developing anxiety disorders and a higher risk of developing mood disorders than those who live in the country. A follow-up study published in 2011 used brain scans of city dwellers and country dwellers as they took a difficult math test.1 To increase the stress of the participants, those conducting the study tried to humiliate the participants by telling them how poorly they were doing on the test. The brain scans showed very different levels of activity in stress centers of the brain, with the urban dwellers having greater brain activity than rural dwellers in areas that react to stress.
Required:

a. Is the 2010 study an experiment or an observational study?
i. Experiment
ii. Observational study

b. Can we conclude from the 2010 study that living in a city increases a person's likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder or mood disorder?
i. Yes
ii. No

c. Is the 2011 study an experiment or an observational study?
i. Experiment
ii. Observational study

d. Can we conclude from the 2011 study that living in a city increases activity in stress centers of the brain when a person is under stress?
i. Yes
ii. No

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

a.It is a controlled experiment because it is clearly seen that an established hypothesis or study is being verified through an experiment, now in this case the hypothesis is tested through an experiment where excessive stress is placed on the Participants during their math exam to effectively verify that people in urban or city areas live with more stress than people in rural areas.

2..As now that the previously established hypothesis has been verified, it is concluded that people who live in the city live with more anxiety and stress than people who live in rural areas.