Answer:
As bicarbonate ions present in blood plasma
Explanation:
Most carbon dioxide produced by tissues (approximately 75%) is transported in the blood to the lungs as bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻).
<u>The chemical equilibrium is:</u>
<h3>CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃ ↔ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻</h3>
carbonic acid
In the lungs, the conversion is reversed, so CO₂ diffuses from the blood into the alveoli and then it's exhaled.
Although most CO₂ is reversibly converted to bicarbonte, approximately 5% is simply dissolved in the blood plasma and about 20% is bound with hemoglobin.
This conversion to bicarbonate ions keeps the partial pressure of CO₂ in blood plasma low, facilitating its diffusion away from the tissues.
Answer:
An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction, and so the rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor.
Answer:
Abnormal, unhealthy cells develop
Explanation:
Gene expression is the process through which genes are turned on through transcription, and to some extent through the translation of the mRNA.
Gene expression is highly regulated to ensure the cell can create the correct combination of proteins to carry out it's tasks. If gene expression is out of control, the mRNAs that are transcribed in the cell are not properly regulated, and therefore the proteins in the cell are not regulated. Since proteins carry out essentially every function in the cell, the cell becomes unhealthy, and incorrectly uses its resources.
Accurate control of gene expression also ensures that the cell can perform specialized functions, it is what makes a heart cell distinct from a brain cell, for example. Therefore, if it is out of control, cells will not be specialized correctly.
Answer:
Explanation:
Green crabs have chemoreceptors located on an <em>antenna</em>.
These are long segmented appendages near the crab´s eyes that have both chemoreceptors and allow them to feel the surroundings.
Crabs also have antennules, like short appendages close to the antennas that allow them to <em>sense</em> their environment. A crab can "taste" using hairs on their mouthparts, pincers and even its feet.
So they can detect the salinity of the water by "taste" using the antennules. If these antennules are bathed with nonsalty water, the information the crab´s brain receives is to increase the salinity of its body by the system explained above, increasing its rate of urine production.
I hope it helps!
