Answer:
<h3>Viruses can only replicate themselves by infecting a host cell and therefore cannot reproduce on their own.</h3>
<h3>At the most basic level, viruses consist of genetic material contained within a protective protein coat called a capsid; the existence of both genetic material and protein distinguishes them from other virus-like particles such as prions and viroids.</h3>
<h3>They infect a wide variety of organisms: both eukaryotes (animals, fungi and plants) and prokaryotes (bacteria).</h3>
<h3>A virus that infects bacteria is known as a bacteriophage, often shortened to phage.</h3>
<h3>The study of viruses is known as virology, and those who study viruses are known as virologists.</h3><h3 /><h3>It has been argued extensively whether viruses are living organisms.</h3>
<h3>Most virologists consider them non-living, as they do not meet all the criteria of the generally accepted definition of life.</h3>
<h3>They are similar to obligate intracellular parasites as they lack the means for self-reproduction outside a host cell, but unlike parasites, viruses are generally not considered to be true living organisms.</h3>
<h3>A primary reason is that viruses do not possess a cell membrane or metabolise on their own - characteristics of all living organisms.</h3>
<h3>Examples of common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, the flu, chickenpox and cold sores.</h3>
Characteristics of Lancelets:
Small
Elongated
Marine invertebrate
Lacks a jaw
No sense organs
Has a notochord
Example: Lamprey
Characteristics of Tunicates:
Marine invertebrate
Has an outer coat that is rubbery or hard
Has two siphons
Examples: sea squirts, salps
I hope this is the answer that you were looking for.
The correct order of steps in a gram staining procedure is:
(4) the specimen is treated with a stain called crystal violet.
(1) iodine is added as a fixative or mordant.
(3) the specimen is flushed with alcohol to dehydrate peptidoglycans and trap the stain.
(2) the specimen is treated with a stain such as safranin or fuchsin (a pink stain)
Gram staining is a common staining technique which helps to classify the bacteria into two categories: Gram positive and Gram negative. Gram positive bacteria appear violet in color and Gram negative bacteria appear to be pink. This color difference appears due to the difference in the bacterial cell walls.
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High melting point
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Lustrous (shiny)
Malleable (can be hammered)
