Answer:
Since valence shells are mostly empty in nonmetal atoms, the atoms attract and hold any electrons they can in order to fill their valence shells.
The question above is incomplete, the full question is given below:
What additional test would be needed to establish the exact position of hydrogen in the activity series of the following elements: magnesium, zinc, lead, copper and silver.
ANSWER
The position of hydrogen on a reactivity series can be determined by its ability to displace oxygen from the oxide of the metal concerned. If hydrogen is more reactive than a metal, it will displace oxygen from the metal oxide and reduce the metal oxide to its metal. If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen will not be able to reduce the metal oxide to its metal.
Balanced equation for the above reaction is as follows;
Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl ---> MgCl₂ + 2H₂O
stoichiometry of Mg(OH)₂ to MgCl₂ is 1:1
mass of Mg(OH)₂ reacted - 1.82 g
number of moles of Mg(OH)₂ - 1.82 g/ 58.3 g/mol = 0.0312 mol
number of Mg(OH)₂ moles reacted - number of MgCl₂ moles formed
number of MgCl₂ moles formed - 0.0312 mol
mass of MgCl₂ formed - 0.0312 mol x 95.2 g/mol = 2.97 g
mass of MgCl₂ formed - 2.97 g
