Answer:
Victorian era is a period in the United Kingdom under the rule of Queen Victoria which from 1837 to 1901. although it was the period of national pride when Britain has the largest empire of the world, its negative aspects are depicted by writers and historians. As the industrial growth was at its peak so did the conditions of workers, women and children were deteriorating at the expense of those who were earning the profit. The narrative of densely populated cities and extreme conditions in factories depicted the dark side of Victorian Era.
Before the development of new criticism and formalism, the common approach to interpreting literature was traditional literary criticism.
Traditional Literary criticism was used before the development of formalism and new criticism to interpret literature. Traditional literary criticism focuses on the author's biographical information and how it influences the work.
This criticism ignores reader response and focuses upon the author, time period, and text alone. Traditional literary criticism places the text back into the period which it came from in order for the reader to better understand the intent of the author.
Hence, before the development of new criticism and formalism, the literature was was interpreted by traditional literary criticism.
To learn more about the traditional literary criticism here:
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The scientific method is described as a procedure for experimentation used to find the unknown or to prove or disprove a hypothesis. The scenario represents the first step of the process which is making an observation. the observation is noticing that one side of the forest had mature hemlocks and very few young hemlocks.
