Answer:
DNA may be taken up by bacterial cells and be active.
Explanation:
To understand Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment, it is important to know Frederick Griffith's precursor experiment. The microbiologist worked at the British Ministry of Health's Pathology Laboratory with pneumococci (commonly known as the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, then known as Pneumococcus, which causes pneumonia), which were previously classified into several types. When cultured in petri dishes in the laboratory, the pneumococci that synthesize their capsules generate 'smooth' colonies. Subcutaneous injection of liquid culture of these pneumococci into mice causes their death. However, in vitro culture also allows the emergence of rough colonies', whose bacteria have lost the ability to synthesize mucopolysaccharide (and therefore have no capsules). Rough mutants could no longer be classified with sera and, moreover, lost their virulence: mice inoculated with them remained alive, unlike inoculated with smooth pneumococci.
The nature of Griffith's transforming principle remained unclear until the work of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty. They repeated the in vitro transformation of pneumococci at the Rockfeller Institute for Medical Research, but replaced heat-dead cells with a purified fraction of smooth bacterial extract (unable to cause disease alone) and treated the material with different enzymes, each capable of destroying a specific type of macromolecule. Experience has shown that this fraction retained its transforming capacity when treated with protein or RNA degrading enzymes, but lost that ability when treated with DNA degrading enzymes. These results indicated that the chemical nature of the 'transforming principle' was DNA.
Thus, we can conclude that in addition to identifying genetic material, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty experiments with different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that DNA can be absorbed by bacterial cells and be active.
Because the process will start and end with the same molecule.
Based on the given illustration above, we can say that the domains that are more genetically related according to the phylogenetic tree would be <span>Eukarya and Archaea. The answer would be therefore, the second option. Hope this is the answer that you are looking for. </span>
The light reactions take place in the _________ and the Calvin cycle takes place in the _________.
stroma; thylakoids
thylakoids; stroma
inner membrane; outer membrane
chloroplasts; mitochondria
mitochondria; chloroplasts
thylakoids; stroma
Within the chloroplast, the light reactions take place in the flattened sacs called thylakoids and the Calvin cycle takes place in the thick fluid called the stroma.
Hope this helps.
