The answer is 18 hope this helps .
The feelings of Tony that he is experiencing exemplifies the principle of norm of reciprocity. This is the principle where a person would feel that he or she needs to return a favor after the person whom she or he has favors with. Tony likely feels that he needs to return the favor to Martin because Martin had disclosed something personal to him in which Tony expects that he should do too.
Based on the given statement, I would presume that twin deficits cover both the budget deficit and trade deficits. It is most likely that budget and trade go hand in hand in transactions.
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Answer: Ultramares corporation v. Touche established Ultramares doctrine. Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that scienter is required before CPAs can be held liable.
Explanation:
All the options except the above are true. Ultramares corporation v. Touche did establish the Ultramares doctrine.
United States v. Natelli sentenced two CPAs to prison for a year, in addition to fines, for violating the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Bily v. Arthur Young did not uphold the restatement doctrine. The restatement doctrine restatement doctrine makes an auditor liable to people who rely on the quality of his work be they his clients or third parties. Two high courts ruled that auditors are not liable to third parties who use their work but only to the party that contracted their work.
However, Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that an allegation of scienter (an intention to deceive) is not required before CPAs can be held liable as long as the actions constitute actual deception.
While rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act states the presence of scienter as a requirement to commit an offense, the court ruled against the statute by eliminating the Scienter clause from criminal statute and ruled against Ernst & Ernst.
