Answer:
A change in pH in the protein habitat can modify its ionic bonds because because the chemical equilibrium shifts to one side or the other depends on the modification
Explanation:
The pH influences the charge acquired by the acidic and basic groups present in the molecules. Proteins usually have groups with characteristics of acid or weak base. Therefore, they are partially ionized in solution coexisting in equilibrium different species.
The degree of ionization of the different functional groups is in relation to the pH of the medium in which they are found, since the H3O + and OH- species are part of the equilibrium situation. Therefore, according to the pH, each group with characteristics of weak acid or base present in the molecule will be ionized to a lesser or greater extent. There are extreme situations where the balance has been totally displaced in one direction, for example: under very high pH conditions (low concentration of H3O +) weak acids are considered fully ionized, so the functional group will always have an electric charge. The same goes for the bases at very low pH values. In other equilibrium situations, species of the same molecule with different load will coexist in the solution, due to the pH value of the medium in which it is found.
To rank the effective nuclear charge Z* experienced by a valence electrons of a set of atoms that belong to a same period, you only need to apply the rule of trend: it increases as you move from left to right in the period.
So, lets do it for these atoms: P, Al, Si, Cl
The belong to a same period and the order is Al, Si, P, Cl (just see a periodic table). So the rank is Al < Si < P < Cl
Now, lets do it for these atoms:, Be, Ne, O, C
They belong to the second period. The order is Be, C, O, Ne
So, the rank is Be < C < O < Ne.
Answer:
Their positive charge is located in the small nucleus
Explanation:
Ernest Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment in 1911 where he used alpha particles generated from a radioactive source to bombard a thin gold foil.
In his experiment, he observed that the bulk of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil, just a tiny fraction was deflected back. To explain his findings, Rutherford proposed that an atom is made of positively charged centre where nearly all the mass is concentrated called nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is a large space containing electrons.
Electromagnetic waves can be transferred through empty space
