Answer: b.
is positive and
is positive.
Explanation:-
As the temperature of the pack drops, the energy has been absorbed from the pack for dissolution of
in water. Thus as the energy has been absorbed in the reaction, the reaction is endothermic and the change in enthalpy i.e.
is positive.
The entropy is the measure of degree of randomness. The entropy increases when the randomness increases and the entropy decreases when the randomness decreases. When a substance dissolves in water, it dissociate into ions and hence the randomness increases thus the change in entropy i.e.
is positive.
The maximum height at which nitrogen molecule will go before coming to rest is 14 kilometers.
Given:
The nitrogen gas molecule with a temperature of 330 Kelvins is released from Earth's surface to travel upward.
To find:
The maximum height of a nitrogen molecule when released from the Earth's surface before coming to rest.
Solution:
- The maximum height attained by nitrogen gas molecule = h
- The temperature of nitrogen gas particle = T = 330 K
The average kinetic energy of the gas particles is given by:
![K.E=\frac{3}{2}K_bT\\\\K.E=\frac{3}{2}\times 1.38\times 10^{-23} J/K\times 330 K\\\\K.E=6.381\times 10^{-21} J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K.E%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7DK_bT%5C%5C%5C%5CK.E%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%201.38%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-23%7D%20J%2FK%5Ctimes%20330%20K%5C%5C%5C%5CK.E%3D6.381%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-21%7D%20J)
The nitrogen molecule at its maximum height will have zero kinetic energy as all the kinetic energy will get converted into potential energy
- The potential energy at height h =
![P.E = 6.381\times 10^{-21} J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P.E%20%3D%206.381%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-21%7D%20J)
- Molar mass of nitrogen gas = 28.0134 g/mol
- Mass of nitrogen gas molecule = m
![m= \frac{ 28.0134 g/mol}{6.022\times 10^{23} mol^{-1}}=4.652\times 10^{-23} g\\\\1g=0.001kg\\\\m=4.652\times 10^{-23}\times 0.001 kg\\\\=4.652\times 10^{-26} kg](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=m%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%2028.0134%20g%2Fmol%7D%7B6.022%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B23%7D%20mol%5E%7B-1%7D%7D%3D4.652%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-23%7D%20g%5C%5C%5C%5C1g%3D0.001kg%5C%5C%5C%5Cm%3D4.652%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-23%7D%5Ctimes%200.001%20kg%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D4.652%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-26%7D%20kg)
- The acceleration due to gravity = g = 9.8 m/s^2
- The maximum height attained by nitrogen gas molecule = h
- The potential energy is given by:
![P.E=mgh](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=P.E%3Dmgh)
![6.381\times 10^{-21} J=4.652\times 10^{-26} kg\times 9.8 m/s^2\times h\\\\h=\frac{6.381\times 10^{-21} J}{4.652\times 10^{-26} kg\times 9.8 m/s^2}\\\\h=13,996.6 m\\\\1 m = 0.001 km\\\\h=13,996.6 m=h=13,996.6\times 0.001 k m\\\\=13.9966 km \approx 14 km](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=6.381%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-21%7D%20J%3D4.652%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-26%7D%20kg%5Ctimes%209.8%20m%2Fs%5E2%5Ctimes%20h%5C%5C%5C%5Ch%3D%5Cfrac%7B6.381%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-21%7D%20J%7D%7B4.652%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-26%7D%20kg%5Ctimes%209.8%20m%2Fs%5E2%7D%5C%5C%5C%5Ch%3D13%2C996.6%20m%5C%5C%5C%5C1%20m%20%3D%200.001%20km%5C%5C%5C%5Ch%3D13%2C996.6%20m%3Dh%3D13%2C996.6%5Ctimes%200.001%20k%20m%5C%5C%5C%5C%3D13.9966%20km%20%5Capprox%2014%20km)
The maximum height at which nitrogen molecule will go before coming to rest is 14 kilometers.
Learn more about the average kinetic energy of gas particles here:
brainly.com/question/16615446?referrer=searchResults
brainly.com/question/6329137?referrer=searchResults
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used to date organic material. Its consistent rate of decay allows the age of an object to be determined by the proportion of carbon-14 to other carbon isotopes. This process is called radiocarbon dating. Carbon-14 is also used as a radioactive tracer for medical tests.