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Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
The magnetic fields are strongest at point A and weakest at point C. The magnetic field lines can be used to indicate the strength of a magnet or magnetic field. The closer together the magnetic field lines the stronger the magnetic field.
Explanation:
The magnetic field line also shows the direction of the magnetic field, hence they are also considered vector fields because they have magnitude and direction. They usually have an arrow indicating that the field lines are moving from the north pole to the south pole. The lines also never cross and are always in closed loops.
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For more on magnetic fields check out;
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A first-hand source such as an experiment is called a primary source.
A primary source is where you can share new information or report on what you have discovered. Some primary sources are research data, interviews, audio recordings, and autobiographies.
A secondary source is where you describe and discuss about the primary sources. They are used to collect and gather primary source information. Some secondary sources are textbooks, review articles, and scholarly books.
A tertiary source is a source about summaries. A tertiary source can be used to look up information or get an overview about what it is you are wanting to know. Some tertiary sources are dictionaries, handbooks, encyclopedias, Wikipedia, and guidebooks.
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There is overwhelming evidence that human activities, especially burning fossil fuels, are leading to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which in turn amplify the natural greenhouse effect, causing the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land surface to
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