Explain how the various specialiesed cells are modified to Cary out to their function 20mark

1 answer:

8 0

Sperm cell; has acrosome containing lytic enzymes; that digest the egg membranes for penetration during fertilization; has a long tail; containing numerous mitochondria; to generate maximum energy for propulsion/swimming in the vaginal fluid after ejaculation; Red blood cells; are flattened, circular/spherical biconcave in shape; to increase the surface area for packaging of haemoglobin; has haemoglobin; that combines with respiratory gases; for transport to and from body tissues; White blood cells; are amoeboid in shape hence able to change shape; to engulf pathogens through phagocytosis; lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight pathogens; Nerve cell; has extensions/dentrites; to receive and send information for sensation; Ciliated epithelial cells; have cilia for propulsion of mucus that traps dust and micro-organisms in the respiratory tract; Muscle cells; elongated, striated and contractile; to bring about movement; Plant cells: Guard cells; bean-shaped; to regulate the size of the stomata allowing gaseous exchange; and control water loss; has chloroplasts with chlorophyll; for photosynthesis; Root hair cell; elongated; thin-walled; with dense cytoplasm for absorption of water and mineral salts; Epidermal cell; thin; for protection of inner tissues from mechanical and micro-organism attack; Palisade cell; contains numerous chloroplasts with chlorophyll; for photosynthesis; elongated; to increase surface area for trapping maximum amounts of light energy; Meristematic cell; thinwalled; with dense cytoplasm; for primary and secondary growth

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Most of the nucleated cells in a multicellular organism contain all of the genetic information for the organism. Which of the fo

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Answer: Sperm cell

Explanation:

Amongst all the 4 options given, only the Sperm cell is a gamete (sex cell) while all the three are somatic cells.

A somatic cell is the one which forms the body of an organism and contains all the genetic information.

A gamete is the one which is required for the purpose of fertilization. A gamete of male fuses with the gamete of female in a process called fertilization to form a zygote to give rise to a new individual.

A Sperm cell is basically a male gamete. It contains only half the amount of genetic information as the other half is contributed by the female gamete.

This difference in the amount of genetic information arises due to the type of cell division that occurs. The somatic cells undergo mitosis whereas a gamete requires meiosis to occur for its formation.

During mitosis there is a single round of cell division which divides the parent cell into two daughter cells each with the complete genetic information.

During meiosis the cell undergoes two rounds of cell division such that a total lf 4 cells are produced each with half the amount of genetic material as present in the parent cell.

Since, sperm is a male gamete and is formed by meiosis it contains only half the genetic information as compared to the other cells.

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During meiosis homologous Chromosomes can exchange DNA in a process known as

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Answer:

crossing over

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Crossing over is where homologs can exchange DNA which leads to genetic variation

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