Answer:
Supporters of genetic engineering in agriculture point to a multitude of potential benefits of engineered crops, including increased yield, drought tolerance, reduced pesticide use, more efficient use of fertilizers, and ability to produce drugs or other useful chemicals.
The role of the effector(s) that result in a short-term
cellular change in a changing the activation state of an enzyme going from
inact to act this happens for instance when activating an enzyme to increase
sugar metabolism while Long-term cellular changes are generally the result of
changes in DNA transcription, i.e. a protein can be made to begin cellular replication
by activating the cell cycle.
The exoskeleton of anthropod gets shed, just like a snake, almost..