Answer : The mathematical equation used when solving calorimetry problems is:

Explanation :
Calorimetry : It is determining the changes in the energy of a system by measuring the heat transferred with surroundings.
Formula used :

where,
c = specific heat capacity of calorimeter
m = mass of a substance
q = heat required
= change in temperature of substance
C.
Ionic bonds are formed between metal atoms, potassium in this case, and non-metal atoms, iodine in this case.
The heat absorbed to raise temperature : Q = 31350 J
<h3>Further explanation
</h3>
Given
m = mass = 150 g
Δt = Temperature difference : 50 °C
Required
Heat absorbed
Solution
Heat can be formulated
<em>
Q = m.c.Δt
</em>
The specific heat of water = c = 4.18 J/g °C
Input the value :
Q = 150 x 4.18 x 50
Q = 31350 J