Answer:
Natural Monopoly I hope I helped you have a nice day
One of the most important social psychological findings concerning race relations is that members of stereotyped groups internalize those stereotypes and thus suffer a wide range of harmful consequences.
Stereotype Threat is the experience of anxiety or concern in a situation where a person has the potential to confirm a negative stereotype about their social group. Since its introduction into the academic literature in 1995, Stereotype Threat has become one of the most widely studied topics in the field of social psychology. First described by social psychologist, Claude Steele and his colleagues, Stereotype Threat has been shown to reduce the performance of individuals who belong to negatively stereotyped groups. If negative stereotypes are present regarding a specific group, they are likely to become anxious about their performance, which in turn may hinder their ability to perform at their maximum level.
Stereotype Threat is a potential contributing factor to long-standing racial and gender gaps in academic performance. However, it may occur whenever an individual’s performance might confirm a negative stereotype. This is because Stereotype Threat is thought to arise from the particular situation rather than from an individual’s personality traits or characteristics. Since most people have at least one social identity which is negatively stereotyped, most people are vulnerable to Stereotype Threat if they encounter a situation in which the stereotype is relevant.
Situational factors that increase Stereotype Threat can include the difficulty of the task, the belief that the task measures their abilities, and the relevance of the negative stereotype to the task. Individuals show higher degrees of Stereotype Threat on tasks they wish to perform well on and when they identify strongly with the stereotyped group. These effects are also increased when they expect discrimination due to their identification with negatively stereotyped group. Repeated experiences of Stereotype Threat can lead to a vicious circle of diminished confidence, poor performance, and loss of interest in the relevant area of achievement.
The opposite of Stereotype Threat is known as Stereotype Enhancement, which entails an individual’s potential to confirm a positive stereotype about their social group, and a subsequent increase in performance ability in the related task as compared to their ability prior to their exposure to the stereotype.
Advocates of Stereotype Threat explanation have been criticized for exaggerating it and for misrepresenting evidence as more conclusive than it is.
Search
HOMEWORK HELP > THE GIVER
Why does the Giver say "to have memories is a burden"?
print Print document PDF list Cite
EXPERT ANSWERS
LORRAINE CAPLAN | CERTIFIED EDUCATOR
There are a few reasons for the Giver to feel this way. First, there is the sheer quantity and age of memories he must hold. Second, it is a burden to hold memories and never be able to share them. And third, he is responsible to the community if any memory is needed. This is a terrible burden for him.
The Giver is essentially responsible for remembering everything that occurred before the community went to Sameness. It is exhausting to the Giver. For each memory, he must "tug it forward from many generations back" (83). We get the sense that this is almost a physical drain upon him, the older the memory, the more work needed to do this. And there are so many memories. Even sharing one with Jonas makes him feel lighter, "A little weight off this old body" (82).
When Jonas and the Giver make the decision that Jonas is to leave the community, they talk about the memories that the Giver has and that Jonas now has, love and pain in particular. The Giver tells Jonas that memories are meant to be shared, saying, "The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain. It's the loneliness of it" (154). Imagine how lonely it would be to never be able to share your memories with another. Much of our joy in memory lies in the sharing of it.
