Gamma rays, or rather gamma radiation are most commonly used.
pH=6.98
Explanation:
This is a very interesting question because it tests your understanding of what it means to have a dynamic equilibrium going on in solution.
As you know, pure water undergoes self-ionization to form hydronium ions, H3O+, and hydroxide anions, OH−.
2H2O(l]⇌H3O+(aq]+OH−(aq]→ very important!
At room temperature, the value of water's ionization constant, KW, is equal to 10−14. This means that you have
KW=[H3O+]⋅[OH−]=10−14
Since the concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions are equal for pure water, you will have
[H3O+]=√10−14=10−7M
The pH of pure water will thus be
pH=−log([H3O+])
pH=−log(10−7)=7
Now, let's assume that you're working with a 1.0-L solution of pure water and you add some 10
Answer is: <span>concentration of NOCl is 3.52 M.
</span>
Balanced chemical reaction: 2NOCl(g) ⇄ 2NO(g) + Cl₂<span>(g).
Kc = 8.0.
</span>[NOCl] = 1.00 M; equilibrium concentration.
[NO] = x.
[Cl₂] = x/2; equilibrium concentration of chlorine.<span>
Kc = </span>[Cl₂] ·[NO]² / [NOCl].
8.00 = x/2 · x² / 1.
x³/2 = 8.
x = ∛16.
x = 2.52 M.
co(NOCl) = [NOCl] + x.
co(NOCl) = 1.00 M + 2.52 M.
co(NOCl) = 3.52 M; the initial concentration of NOCl.
