The scale factor is 0.25 or 1/4 (fraction)
Denote the ODE by

For this equation, you'll be using the recurrence relation

You have

15:82 I have to type this so I can send in the answer
The first step of finding the percent tip, we must find how much tip she paid:
Tip = $38.61 - $33 = $5.61
To find the percent tip, we must divide the tip amount by the amount she paid before the tip
$5.61 / $33 = 0.17 --> 17%
Thus the percent tip is 17%
Hope that helps!