Answer:
CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂COOH > ClCH₂CH₂COOH > ClCH₂COOH
Explanation:
Electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) increase acidity by inductive removal of electrons from the carboxyl group.
Electron-donating groups (EDGs) decrease acidity by inductive donation of electrons to the carboxyl group.
- The closer the substituent is to the carboxyl group, the greater is its effect.
- The more substituents, the greater the effect.
- The effect tails off rapidly and is almost zero after about three C-C bonds.
CH₃CH₂-CH₂COOH — EDG — weakest — pKₐ = 4.82
CH₃-CH₂COOH — reference — pKₐ = 4.75
ClCH₂-CH₂COOH — EWG on β-carbon— stronger — pKₐ = 4.00
ClCH₂COOH — EWG on α-carbon — strongest — pKₐ = 2.87
Answer:
If we assume the molar volumes of water and ethanol 17.0 and 57.0 cm³/mol, respectively, Vmix = 20.5 cm³.
Explanation:
The molar volume of a substance is the ratio between the volume and the number of moles of the substance. It represents the volume that 1 mol of it occupies. Because we don't have access to page 24, let's assume the molar volumes of water and ethanol 17.0 and 57.0 cm³/mol, respectively.
The volume of mixture (Vmix) is the sum of the volume of each substance, which is the number of moles multiplied by molar volume, so:
Vmix = 0.300*57 + 0.200*17
Vmix = 17.1 + 3.4
Vmix = 20.5 cm³
Density = m/v therefore v = m/d v = 25/0.85 v = 29.4117... cm^3 ( = 2.94 * 10^-5 m^3
Given :
The distance between a point charge and a neutral atom and is multiplied by a factor of 5.
To Find :
By what factor does the force on the neutral atom by the point charge change.
Solution :
We know, electrostatic force between two object is directly proportional to product of charge and inversely proportional to distance between them.
Now, charge in neutral atom is 0 C.
So, the electrostatic force between two of them is also 0 N.
Therefore, by changing distance between the charge the forces did no change ( it remains zero).
