Answer: 1. Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.
2. Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water, with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response.
3.Within the bone marrow, all blood cells originate from a single type of unspecialized cell called a stem cell. When a stem cell divides, it first becomes an immature red blood cell, white blood cell, or platelet-producing cell.
4. Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, raise blood pressure by increasing heart rate and the contractility of the heart muscles and by causing vasoconstriction of arteries and veins. These hormones are secreted as part of the fight‐or‐flight response.
Answer:
( a ) Voltage gated channels - channel can open and close based on membrane potential. At rest, the channel is closed and it opens at threshold.
Explanation:
Voltage Gated Channels -
It is a channel with a cluster of proteins present in the membrane .
The function of voltage - gated channel is to open for the some values of membrane potential and close for others . In maximum cases , the relation between channel state and membrane potential is probabilistic and requires a time lag . The ion channel can even flip the conformations at an unpredictable times , the membrane potential even determines the rate of transition and the probability per unit time of each and every transition .
Answer:
Not regularly getting enough sleep
Explanation:
It is suggested to get more sleep to decrease the symptoms of stress. This is my own viewpoint
