"lies outside" (is much smaller or larger than) most of the other values in a set of data. For example in the scores 25,29,3,32,85,33,27,28 both 3 and 85 are "outliers".
Don’t understand what your asking in the first one. Choosing a vowel out of the word counting would be 3/8. And picking a consonant out of the word prime would be 3/5.
