Occasionally our economy experiences an unusual combination of rising prices and high unemployment. economists have given this unusual pairing the name stagflation.
Stagflation is a combination of the words ‘stagnation’ and ‘inflation’. It refers to the economic trend where there is rising prices yet high levels of unemployment.
It leads to an intractable situation where policy initiatives to boost economic growth such as expansionary monetary policy worsens the inflation rate, while attempts to rein in inflation has a further dampening effect on the economy. It is often caused by poor economic policies.
Stagflation was observed in the US economy during the oil crisis of the 1970s that caused a major recession. But inflation and unemployment rates were at a high during this time.
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Answer:
False.
Explanation:
Operations manager should ensure quality control is done at all stages in the production cycle to ensure highest standard. If quality check is carried out only at the final stage defects that should have been spotted earlier will cause product to be discarded.
So checking the product at the last stage is counter-productive.
Answer:
In every form of analysis, it is always safer to take a macro or holistic view of the situation. This is true for the investment performance of a manager. One investment decision that went right does not suffice to classify an investment portfolio manager as proficient, neither is one that went south enough to tag him deficient.
The forecasting ability of managers, on the balance of probability, will vary for different cases, with a helicopter view of providing a more accurate measure of their performance.
However, if it was possible to analyse the market for volatility and adjust our forecasts it becomes unnecessary to look at and analyse all the information from a 12-month cycle before coming to terms about the performance of the manager.
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Answer:
An optional Call
Explanation:
Callable Bond
Callable bond represents an instrument of debt where the issuer issues the instrument reserving the right to make a return of the principal of investors including the stoppage of interest payments before the date of maturity of the bond.
Organisations would usually issue bonds as callable when either to meet unexpected obligations like pay off other debts, fund expansions or when they sense that opportunities may arise in the future for them to get other forms of financing at lower interest rates.
For bonds to be callable the terms must be clearly stated in the bond's offering.
Optional Call
In optional call, the issuer reserves the right to call the bonds to take advantage of present circumstances such as significant drop in interest rates (as stated in the question). However, the terms detailed in the bond resolution will allow the bondholders to receive a premium to par as compensation for their loss of interest payments on the called bond.
Furthermore, a period of time must usually pass before the issuer can use the optional call.
