Answer:
Answer is C.
Explanation:
For A and B, a base substitution affects one of the three bases that comprise a codon, the DNA/RNA unit that corresponds to a particular amino acid. If one base is substituted, one codon and therefore one amino acid will be affected. Codons have built-in redundancy, so even by changing one base, the new codon sometimes still corresponds to the same amino acid. Therefore, a base substitution at most affects one amino acid, and sometimes doesn't affect it all.
Frameshift mutations cause a lot more trouble. These occur when you have a deletion or insertion that changes the number of bases in your gene. As a result, the "frame" of the codons changes (everything shifts one way or the other by the number of bases added/removed). This affects EVERY codon downstream of the mutation, so you can imagine that such a mutation would have a bigger effect the closer to the start of the gene it occurs. This is why C is correct.
Basically all of the choices given are failure of negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the last option or option "E". I hope that this is the answer you were looking for and it has come to your help.
The correct answer is b. no additional nucleotides would be added to a growing strand containing that nucleotide.
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Nucleotides without a 3’hydroxy group are called dideoxynucleotides (ddNTD). Dideoxynucleotides are inhibitors of DNA polymerase because after being added in PCR reaction no further nucleotides can be added as no phosphodiester bond can be created (usually 3' hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide attaches to 5' phosphate of the current nucleotide).</span>
A T base on one strand always pairs with an A base on the other strand
La ciencia es la progresiva aproximación del hombre al mundo real (Max Planck)