Answer:
a) 16%
b) 2.25
c) Increase in expected market risk premium
Explanation:
Expected standard deviation of market return = 20%
measure of risk aversion ( A ) = 4
a) Determine a reasonable expected market risk premium
= A * ( std ) ^2
= 4 * ( 20%)^2
= 16%
b) determine Value of A
market risk premium = A * ( std )^2
∴ A = 9% / ( 20% ) ^2
= 0.09 / 0.04
= 2.25
c) If investors become more risk tolerant the expected market risk premium will increase
Answer:
0.4 or 40%
Explanation:
The formula for Contribution Margin Ratio is:
[TS - TVC] / TS
Where TS = Total Sales
TVC = Total Variable Cost
Applying the formula,
[5,000 - 3,000] / 5,000 = 2000/5000 = 0.4
Turning this value to a percentage, 0.4 × 100 = 40%
The interpretation of this is that for every item sold, 40% of the sales price is available to cover fixed costs.
Remember: The addition of fixed cost to variable cost = total cost
I think the answer is 4 all of the above.
