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jeka57 [31]
3 years ago
6

Discuss the lock-and-key theory of enzyme-substrate interaction giving a specific example to illustrate the theory. Include in y

our discussion the effects of each of the following:_________
a. Substrate concentration
b. pH shifts
c. Temperature shifts
d. Competititve inhibition
Chemistry
1 answer:
Ghella [55]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

On the explanation.

Explanation:

Hello,

a. At first there exist an active site on the enzyme with a specific tertiary constitution, which is done by means of the hydrogen bonding gathering the amino acids in the primary structure. Such 3D structure brings to bear that only one substrate with complementary shape can dovetail to the aforesaid active site forming an enzyme substrate complex.

b. However, pH is a measure of hydrogen concentration present in the solution. Now, by considering that into the structure of the enzyme and its active sites are held by hydrogen bonds, varied concentrations of hydrogen ion can cause a decrease or increase of the ions, this could turn out in the diminishing of bonds numbers or the breaking of bonds, which could affect the shape of the enzyme's active site.

c. Next, the temperature has a directly proportional relationship with the enzyme molecule kinetic energy. Thus, high-order vibrations at high temperatures could promote the breaking of and cause the active site of the enzyme to be denatured. On the contrary, low temperatures causes both the enzyme and substrate to have low kinetic energy so the reaction could not be attained.

d. The active sites have a slight capacity to shape around multiple substrates, not just one, it means that similar substrates could bind with the active site and occupy the enzyme, consequently, there are less enzymes to react with, causing a halting in the chemical reaction.

Best regards.

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Where the oxygen comes from the air (21% O2 and 79% N2). If oxygen is fed from air in excess of the stoichiometric amount requir
guajiro [1.7K]

Answer:

y_{O2} =4.3%

Explanation:

The ethanol combustion reaction is:

C_{2}H_{5} OH+3O_{2}→2CO_{2}+3H_{2}O

If we had the amount (x moles) of ethanol, we would calculate the oxygen moles required:

x*1.10(excess)*\frac{3 O_{2}moles }{etOHmole}

Dividing the previous equation by x:

1.10(excess)*\frac{3 O_{2}moles}{etOHmole}=3.30\frac{O_{2}moles}{etOHmole}

We would need 3.30 oxygen moles per ethanol mole.

Then we apply the composition relation between O2 and N2 in the feed air:

3.30(O_{2} moles)*\frac{0.79(N_{2} moles)}{0.21(O_{2} moles)}=121.414 (N_{2} moles )

Then calculate the oxygen moles number leaving the reactor, considering that 0.85 ethanol moles react and the stoichiometry of the reaction:

3.30(O_{2} moles)-0.85(etOHmoles)*\frac{3(O_{2} moles)}{1(etOHmoles)} =0.75O_{2} moles

Calculate the number of moles of CO2 and water considering the same:

0.85(etOHmoles)*\frac{3(H_{2}Omoles)}{1(etOHmoles)}=2.55(H_{2}Omoles)

0.85(etOHmoles)*\frac{2(CO_{2}moles)}{1(etOHmoles)}=1.7(CO_{2}moles)

The total number of moles at the reactor output would be:

N=1.7(CO2)+12.414(N2)+2.55(H2O)+0.75(O2)\\ N=17.414(Dry-air-moles)

So, the oxygen mole fraction would be:

y_{O_{2}}=\frac{0.75}{17.414}=0.0430=4.3%

6 0
4 years ago
PLS HURYYY ILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
ad-work [718]

The volume increases when the balloon temperature increases.

<u>Explanation:</u>

-10 F is converted into Kelvin as 249 K.

0°C is nothing but 0+ 273 = 273 K

And the room temperature is 25°C which is converted into Kelvin as 273 + 25 = 298 K.

249 K is below room temperature.

As per the Charles' law volume and temperature are directly proportional to each other, when the pressure of the gas remains constant.

V ∝ T

As the balloon temperature increases, the volume also increases.

5 0
4 years ago
What kind of graph would use for this data? The months of the year and the amount of rainfall, and why
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Answer:

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6 0
3 years ago
Describe the intermolecular forces that must be overcome to convert these substances from a liquid to a gas: (a) SO2, (b) CH3COO
Andre45 [30]
You need to find which intermolecular forces are between the molecules
dipole-dipole,h bonds, etc.
I'm not very good at explaining but this is what my prof said to help us

Identify the class of the molecule or molecules you are given. Are they nonpolar species, ions or
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In the case of ONE species (i.e., a pure substance), the intermolecular forces will be between
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ION or IONIC. If you are dealing with dipoles, then the intermolecular forces will be DIPOLE-
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or VAN DER WAALS or INDUCED DIPOLE-INDUCED DIPOLE (the last three are desciptions
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3 years ago
(a) The student dissolves the entire impure sample of CuSO4(s) in enough distilled water to make 100.mL of solution. Then the st
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Answer:

Explanation:

Given parameters :

Volume of solution  = 100mL

Absorbance of solution  = 0.30

Unknown:

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A graph of absorbance against concentration gives a value of 0.15M at an absorbance of 0.30.

The concentration is 0.15M

Also, we can use:  Beer-Lambert's law;

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where εm is the molar extinction coefficient

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Since the εm is not given and assuming path length is 1;

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3 0
4 years ago
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