Direct financing involves the financial market and indirect financing involves intermediaries. In the financial market, companies put their shares for sale and investors buy them. This is a direct financing mechanism for companies, which raise funds by sharing their own capital in traded shares.
On the contrary, if a company seeks bank financing, there will necessarily be intermediation by third parties, such as banks. In the middle market, economic agents deposit their money with the bank, and the bank uses it to lend to companies. This is intermediating a financing. Both types of financing are widely used, all will depend on the structure and purpose of each company in the search for financing.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
A manufacturer believes that the cost function : 
approximates the dollar cost of producing x units of a product. The manu- facturer believes it cannot make a profit when the marginal cost goes beyond $210. What is the most units the manufacturer can produce and still make a profit? What is the total cost at this level of production?
Solution :
Given the cost function is :
Now, Marginal cost = 
So, if the marginal cost = $ 210, then the manufacturer also makes a profit and if it goes beyond $ 210 than the manufacturer cannot make a profit.
Therefore, we have to equate : 
So when x = 45, then C(x) = $ 8042.5
Therefore, the manufacturer 
to 45 units and 
This leads to a total cost of $ 8042.5
Advertising regulations provide a set of rules and regulations that protects the consumer from deceptive or misleading claims.
Answer: Option (d)
<u>Explanation:</u>
Advertising regulations is a consumer protection act that safeguards the peoples from being misled in false information about sales and trade.
These regulations evaluates the bad products in a company and makes it fail easily.
It explains the detailed information about the severity of false product in a company and prevents the people from consuming that product.
FTC is one of the advertising policies commonly referred to as the Federal Trade Commission safeguards the consumers from unwanted practices and it also protects the basic rights of the consumer in a state.
FTC uses three major bureaus to evaluate the fraud practices involved in a business and implements a proper advertising activities.
Bureaus of Competition, Economy and Consumer protections implies the best practices of advertising policies.
