The uninoculated tube is considered to be a negative control
because a negative control is an effect of having to show no response. Am uninoculated
control is where organisms are not being
inoculated such as having a culture bacteria of not being inoculated with an
organism.
Hey there,
D- an experiment that uses data to support or reject a hypothesis.
So basically its something that sums up everything that you did in the past.
~Jurgen
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
Answer:
12 m^2
Explanation:
Area = length * width
A = 4m * 3m
A = 12 m^2
(Area is measured in square units)
Animal’s and Plant's circulatory system:
1. Animals have circulatory system for the transport of nutrients and waste and plants have vascular system for the exchange of gases and nutrient.
2. Animals have specialized circulatory systems like.ARTERIES,VEINS and CAPILLARIES.
3. IN PLANTS, they have bidirectional transport system…like FOOD prepared though PHOTOSYNTHESIS is transported to different parts of plant body through phloem..while minerals and water intake by roots r transported by xylem..
4. ANIMALS circulatory system works on presence of amount of blood.
5. PLANTS circulatory system works on availability OF resources.
