In longitudinal waves, the oscillations are along the same direction as the direction of travel and energy transfer.
Sound waves and waves in a stretched spring are longitudinal waves. P waves (relatively fast moving longitudinal seismic waves that travel through liquids and solids) are also longitudinal waves.
Longitudinal waves show area of compression and rarefaction. In the animation, the areas of compression are where the parts of the spring are close together, while the areas of rarefaction are where they are far apart.
Each mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ particles
Atoms of Fe = 4.5 x 6.02 x 10²³
= 2.709 x 10²⁹ atoms
Answer:
Tests for unsaturation involves addition across the multiple bonds in the unsaturated compound.
Explanation:
In organic chemistry, we define an unsaturated compound as any compound that contains a double or triple bond. These multiple bonds are also known as pi bonds.
There are two major tests for unsaturation which shall both be discussed here.
The first test for unsaturation is by the use of bromine water. The unknown sample is passed through a solution of bromine water which normally appears reddish brown. The bromine water becomes decolorized due to addition of bromine across the multiple bond. This is a standard test for unsaturation.
Secondly, unsaturated compounds decoulourize a solution of potassium permanganate when passed through it. This alone can not be used as a distinctive test for unsaturation.
Propenoic acid will give a positive test to the both reagents showing that it contains multiple bonds, in this particular instance, a double bond.
Answer:
The concentration of 
is 1.48 × 
M
The absolute uncertainty of ![[{H^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%7BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
is ±0.12 × M
The concentration of is written as 1.48(±0.12) × M
Explanation:
The pH of a solution is given by the formula below
pH = ![-log_{10}[{H^{+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-log_%7B10%7D%5B%7BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D)
∴ ![[H^{+}] = 10^{-pH}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%2010%5E%7B-pH%7D)
where is the concentration
From the question,
pH = 8.83±0.04
That is,
pH =8.83 and the uncertainty is ±0.04
First, we will determine from
![[{H^{+}] = 10^{-8.83}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%7BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%2010%5E%7B-8.83%7D)
![[{H^{+}] = 1.4791](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%7BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%201.4791)
× M
![[{H^{+}] = 1.48](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%7BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%3D%201.48)
× M
The concentration of is 1.48 × M
The uncertainty of ( ![U_{[H^{+}] }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=U_%7B%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%7D)
) from the equation is
![U_{[H^{+}] } = 2.303 \\](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=U_%7B%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%7D%20%3D%202.303%20%5C%5C)
× ![{[H^{+}] }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%7B%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%20%7D)
× 
Where is the uncertainty of
is the uncertainty of the pH
Hence,
= 2.303 × 1.4791 × × 0.04
= 1.36 × 
M
= 0.12 × M
Hence, the absolute uncertainty of is ±0.12 × M
