-brass

An alcohol is oxidized to carboxylic acid what is the molecular formula of alcohol

Marina86 [1]

The correct answer would be C2H60

5 0

3 years ago

Which of the following isoelectronic series is correctly ranked from largest ionic radius to smallest ionic radius? 1. N 3−, O 2

love history [14]

Answer:

Option 1: N⁻³ > O⁻² > F⁻ > Na⁺ > Mg⁺²

Explanation:

Ionic radius is the radius of an atom´s ion in ionic crystal structure. In an ion that lose an electron, to form a cation, the radius of the ion gets smaller, because the repulsion between electrons decrease because fewer electrons are present. Conversely, adding on electron to a neutral atom, to form an anion, causes electron - electron repulsions to increase, so the size of the radius of the ion gets bigger.

Isoelectronic species are ions or elements that have the same number of electrons in their electronic shells but have different overall charges, because of their different atomic numbers.

In a isolelectronic series (same number of electrons), the increase of the positive charge (given by the number of protons in the nucleus), will cause a decrease in radius beacuse the greater electrostatic attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. Consequently, the ion with the greatest nuclear charge will have the smallest ionic radius and the ion with the smallest nulear charge will have the largest ionic radius.

We will use this principle to solve our problem.

In our case, the given ions are:

N⁻³ : Z = 7, e⁻ = 10
O⁻²: Z= 8, e⁻ =10
F⁻: Z = 9, e⁻ = 10
Na⁺: Z= 11, e⁻ = 10
Mg⁺²: Z=12, e⁻ =10

where Z= number of protons, and e⁻ = number of electrons.

Hence the decreasing order of ionic radius is:

N⁻³ > O⁻² > F⁻ > Na⁺ > Mg⁺²

Have a nice day!

4 0

3 years ago

Calcium oxide or quicklime (CaO) is used in steelmaking, cement manufacture, and pollution control. It is prepared by the therma

Elena-2011 [213]

Answer:

The yearly release of $CO_2$ into the atmosphere is $6.73\times 10^{10} kg$ .

Explanation:

$CaCO_3(s)\rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)$

Annual production of CaO = $8.6\times 10^{10} kg=8.6\times 10^{13} g$

Moles of CaO :

$\frac{8.6\times 10^{13} g}{56 g/mol}=1.53\times 10^{12} moles$

According to reaction, 1 mole of CaO is produced along with 1 mole of carbon-dioxide.

Then along with $1.53\times 10^{12} moles$ of CaO moles of carbon-dioxide moles produced will be:

$\frac{1}{1}\times 1.53\times 10^{12} moles=1.53\times 10^{12} moles$ of carbon-dioxide

Mass of $1.53\times 10^{12}$ moles of carbon-dioxide:

$1.53\times 10^{12}mol\times 44 g/mol=6.73\times 10^{13} g =6.73\times 10^{10} kg$

The yearly release of $CO_2$ into the atmosphere is $6.73\times 10^{10} kg$ .

6 0

3 years ago

Three kilograms of steam is contained in a horizontal, frictionless piston and the cylinder is heated at a constant pressure of

lakkis [162]

Answer:

Final temperature: 659.8ºC

Expansion work: 3*75=225 kJ

Internal energy change: 275 kJ

Explanation:

First, considering both initial and final states, write the energy balance:

$U_{2}-U_{1}=Q-W$

Q is the only variable known. To determine the work, it is possible to consider the reversible process; the work done on a expansion reversible process may be calculated as:

$dw=Pdv$

The pressure is constant, so: $w=P(v_{2}-v_{1} )=0.5*100*1.5=75\frac{kJ}{kg}$ (There is a multiplication by 100 due to the conversion of bar to kPa)

So, the internal energy change may be calculated from the energy balance (don't forget to multiply by the mass):

$U_{2}-U_{1}=500-(3*75)=275kJ$

On the other hand, due to the low pressure the ideal gas law may be appropriate. The ideal gas law is written for both states:

$P_{1}V_{1}=nRT_{1}$

$P_{2}V_{2}=nRT_{2}\\V_{2}=2.5V_{1}\\P_{2}=P_{1}\\2.5P_{1}V_{1}=nRT_{2}$

Subtracting the first from the second:

$1.5P_{1}V_{1}=nR(T_{2}-T_{1})$

Isolating $T_{2}$ :

$T_{2}=T_{1}+\frac{1.5P_{1}V_{1}}{nR}$

Assuming that it is water steam, n=0.1666 kmol

$V_{1}=\frac{nRT_{1}}{P_{1}}=\frac{8.314*0.1666*373.15}{500} =1.034m^{3}$

$T_{2}=100+\frac{1.5*500*1.034}{0.1666*8.314}=659.76$ ºC

7 0

3 years ago

What could you do to change the volume of a gas

Jet001 [13]

Solids and liquids have volumes thatdo not change easily. A gas, on the other hand, has a vol- ume thatchanges to match the volume of its container. The molecules in a gas are very far apart compared with the molecules in a solid or a liquid. The amount of space between the molecules in a gas can change easily.

5 0

3 years ago