The correct answers are :
Changing the volume of the system.
Changing the temperature of the system.
Equilibrium will remain unaffected if the concentration of products and reactants are kept the same, and the temperature of the system is kept constant.
As the system is closed, we cannot add or remove products or reactants.
Change in temperature will shift the chemical equilibrium towards the reactant or product depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.
Also change in volume will shift the chemical equilibrium of a chemical reaction if the reactants or products or both are gases.
Answer:
The immune system responds to antigens by producing cells that directly attack the pathogen, or by producing special proteins called antibodies. Antibodies attach to an antigen and attract cells that will engulf and destroy the pathogen. The main cells of the immune system are lymphocytes known as B cells and T cells.
Explanation:
Just a few things to remember:
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# of neutrons = Mass number - # protons
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Mass number = # protons + # neutrons
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Atomic Number = # of protons
- # of electrons = # of protons - charge on the atom
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Symbol - use the atomic number to find the element in the periodic table
