Answer:
A. Raising tax's in order to cover a budget deficit -APEX
Calvin's professor can conclude that Calvin has been an observational kid.
Explanation:
The observation Calvin makes is a rather arbitrary one but one that can invite broader concern nonetheless.
Some kids start bobbing their heads and raising them before they can ever turn while the other develop these skills in the opposite order.
It would remain to be seen if Calvin would think something can be inferred from this otherwise rather standalone observation of things or not as there may be a study on how far this can be taken in child psychology.
At any rate, he is an observational student and the professor can put that to use.
<em>Answer:</em>
<em>A) abstract ideas. </em><em> </em>
<em>Explanation:</em>
<em><u>Abstract ideas,</u></em><em> in psychology, is determined as ideas that are not being connected with "worldly things", and is considered as something that an individual can't touch yet can feel. However, it signifies thoughts that are considered as conceptual & symbolic but not specific or concrete. It is entirely based on the relationship between objects and ideas, principles, and concepts.</em>
<em><u>The correct answer to the question is abstract ideas.</u></em>
Giving a rat some food in the same half of the cage as the bar experimenters want it to press is an example of shaping.
<h3>What is
shaping?</h3>
A conditioning paradigm known as shaping is frequently used to analyze behavior in experiments. Differential reinforcement of subsequent approximations is the technique utilized. B. F. Skinner first used pigeons to demonstrate it before expanding to include dogs, dolphins, humans, and other species.
By encouraging behaviors that advance toward the desired behavior, shaping affects behavior (operant response). Organisms can be trained to behave in ways that would only sometimes if ever, happen naturally through shaping.
Methods of Shaping Behavior:
- Positive reinforcement.
- Negative reinforcement.
- Punishment.
- Extinction.
- Schedules of reinforcement.
To know more about B. F. Skinner refer to: brainly.com/question/802392
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