Draw the Zaitsev product formed when 2,3‑dimethylpentan‑3‑ol undergoes an E1 dehydration. The starting material is a chiral carb
1 answer:
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
Dehydration of an alcohol by E1 mechanism occurs in two steps. The first step is the is the protonation of the -OH group in the alcohol followed by the elimination of water, a good leaving group.
In the case of 2,3‑dimethylpentan‑3‑ol, the carbocation formed undergoes rearrangement followed by loss of a hydrogen atom. This now yields the product as shown in the image attached.
Note that, the Zaitsev's product is the most substituted product and is most stable hence it is the most favored product.
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Answer:
Q(total) = 283Kj
Explanation:
5 Heat Transitions …
Specific Heats => c(s) = 0.50cal/g∙⁰C, c(l) = 1.0 cal/g∙⁰C, c(g) = 0.48 cal/g∙⁰C
Phase Transition Constants => ΔHᵪ = Heat of Fusion = 80 cal/g; ΔHᵥ = Heat of Vaporization = 540cal/g
Note => Phase change regions => no temp. change occurs when 2 phases are in contact (melting and evaporation). Only when single phase substance exists (s, l or g) does temperature change occur. See heating curve for water diagram. The increasing slopes are temperature change regions and heat flow is given by Q =mcΔT. The horizontal slopes are phase changes ( melting & evaporation) and heat flow for each of those regions is given by Q = m·ΔH. Each transition energy is calculated individually (see below) and added to obtain the total heat flow needed.
Q = mcΔT for temperature change regions of the heating curve (single phase only)
Q = m∙ΔH for phase transition regions of the heating curve (2 phases in contact)
Solid (ice) => Melting Pt => Q(s) = mcΔT = (90.5g)(0.50cal/g∙⁰C)(11⁰C) = 478 cal
Melting (s/l) => Liquid (water) => Q(s/l) = m∙ΔHᵪ = (90.5g)(80cal/g) = 7240 cal
Liquid (water) => Boiling Pt => Q(l) = mcΔT = (90.5g)(1.0cal/g∙⁰C)(100⁰C) = 9050 cal
Boiling (l/g) => Gas (steam) => Q(l/g) = m∙ΔHᵥ = (90.5g)(540cal/g) = 48,870 cal
Gas (steam) => Steam @ 145⁰C => Q(g = mcΔT = (90.5g)(0.48cal/g∙⁰C)(45⁰C) = 2036 cal
Total Heat Transfer (Qᵤ) = Q(s) + Q(s/l) + Q(l) + Q(l/g) + Q(g)
= 478cal +7240cal + 9050 cal + 48,870cal + 2036cal
= 67,674 cal x 4.184 j/cal = 283,148 joules = 283 Kj
