Answer:
The correct answer is pituitary gland.
Explanation:
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it regulates the secretion of many other endocrine glands. Pituitary is responsible for the secretion of hormone that regulated the level of estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle.
Anterior pituitary release FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH(Luteinizing hormone) after it gets stimulation by GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus. FSH help in the production of estrogen by stimulating follicle and LH is responsible for the production of progesterone from corpus luteum. Therefore the correct answer is the pituitary gland.
Answer:
The tRNA would be unable to read the mRNA CODON, and will be unable to carry its corresponding amino acid
Explanation:
Protein synthesis occurs in two major stages; transcription and translation. Transcription involves the synthesis of a mRNA molecule while translation involves reading the sequence of the mRNA in order to synthesize amino acids that forms protein. Let's look at translation in details. Translation occurs with the help of a type of RNA molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA) present in the RIBOSOME (site of protein synthesis).
The tRNA possesses a group of three nucleotides called ANTICODON, which it uses to read the mRNA codon that is complementary to it i.e. an anticodon UAC will read mRNA codon AUG. The tRNA binds to the mRNA molecule in order to assess its nuceleotide sequence. Once, a complementary anticodon succesfully reads a particular mRNA codon, it carries the amino acid encoded by the mRNA codon it reads to the growing polypeptide chain. This is the normal translation process.
However, as stated in the question, that if a wrong anticidon successfully binds to a codon. This means that the anticodon that binds to the mRNA codon is not complementary to it. What would happen in this case is that the Anticodon will be unable to read that particular codon it binds to because the complementary base pairing rule is used to read i.e. A-U, G-C. Once, the anticodon cannot read the mRNA codon, the tRNA will also be unable to carry the amino acid that is encoded by that CODON.
Enzymes belong in the category of proteins
Answer: proteins
The frog ringer solution is a solution of several salts which are dissolved in water in order to create an isotonic solution relative to the body fluid of an animal. The frog ringer solution that is used to bathe nerves must contain calcium in order to maintain the natural environment of the nerves. In the body the nerves are continuously exposed to different level of calcium ion and this must be taken into consideration during the preparation of specimen.<span />
Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
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