The correct answer is d: a
target cell's response is determined by the components of its signal transduction pathways.
The response of a cell to a hormone depends on the cell’s receptor and a signal transduction. When a peptide hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane, a second messenger is activated in the cytoplasm. The second messenger has a role of triggering signal transduction leading to the cellular response. Lots of different signal transduction processes (for example, different intracellular proteins) are used to coordinate the behaviour of target cells.
<span> </span>
Biology overlaps with chemistry in studying the structure and functions of activities at the molecular level. The principles of chemistry are useful in cell biology because all living cells consist of chemicals and various chemical processes take place in many living organisms.
Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide gas when they burn which adds to the greenhouse effect and increases global warming. Of the three fossil fuels, for a given amount of energy released, coal produces the most carbon dioxide and natural gas produces the least.
Did this help?
Reproductive Cloning. Deliberate production of genetically identical individuals
