Answer:B. The level of carbon in the atmosphere will increase because there are  fewer sinks in the ecosystem.
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
b) some bacteria reduce nitrate ion
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
La vida en la Tierra. Los estudios de los fósiles de rocas antiguas nos revelan que la vida probablemente comenzó hace unos 4 billones de años, cuando la Tierra era muy joven. Nadie sabe cómo comenzó la vida en nuestro planeta. La mayoría de los científicos piensa que se originó en el agua líquida
Explanation:
 
        
             
        
        
        
The answer is no, high biological fitness in one environment doesn’t have to be high in another environment.
Biological fitness is a term used in evolutionary biology and it is the quantitative representation of how a genotype (or phenotype) is successful (reproductively) in a certain environment. Fitness depends on environment so it changes if the environment changes. The fitness of a genotype is manifested through its phenotype, which is affected by the environment.
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The correct answer is - negative feedback loop.
Explanation:
A negative feedback loop takes place in the biology when the end product of a particular reaction leads to decrease in the reaction. A negative feedback loop makes system to bring the homeostasis.
Negative feedback loops takes place inside the body of an individual to decrease the function of a particular reaction, it prepared the body for the change that occur in the atmosphere such as pH, temperature and other.
Thus, the correct answer is - negative feedback loop.