Answer:
Two electrons
Explanation:
According to the octet rule, atoms must bond to each other, sharing electrons among themselves in an attempt to complete their valence shell (last layer of the electrosphere). In other words, an atom becomes stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell.
Oxygen atoms have six electrons in their valence shell, so to achieve the stability suggested by the octet rule (eight electrons), these atoms share two electrons, forming one oxygen gas (O₂) molecule.
hybridization is defined as mixing up of the atomic orbital with nearly same energies according to linear combination of atomic orbitals. the orbitals formed are equal in energy and are called hybrid orbitals .
Factors that influence general adaptation syndrome include that of a person’s health, nutrition, sex, ages, race, socioeconomic status, and genetics. These are factors that are either can precipitate a different reaction, while others are modifiable and unmodifiable traits.
In biology, adaptation has 3 related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly, it is a state reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each organism, that is maintained and has evolved through natural selection. Historically, adaptation has been described from the time of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Empedocles and Aristotle. In 18th and 19th century natural theology, adaptation was taken as evidence for the existence of a deity. Charles Darwin proposed instead that it was explained by natural selection. Adaptation is related to biological fitness, which governs the rate of evolution as measured by a change in gene frequencies. Often, two or more species co-adapt and co-evolve as they develop adaptations that interlock with those of the other species, such as with flowering plants and pollinating insects. In mimicry, species evolve to resemble other species; in Müllerian mimicry, this is a mutually beneficial co-evolution as each of a group of strongly defended species (such as wasps able to sting) come to advertise their defenses in the same way. Features evolved for one purpose may be co-opted for a different one, as when the insulating feathers of dinosaurs were co-opted for bird flight. Adaptation is a major topic in the philosophy of biology, as it concerns function and purpose (teleology). Some biologists try to avoid terms that imply purpose in adaptation, not least because it suggests a deity's intentions, but others note that adaptation is necessarily purposeful.
<u>Answer:</u>
a) number of neutrons
<u>Explanation:</u>
A sodium ion is formed when an electron is removed from a sodium atom. This means that the atom's number of electrons changes, but the number of neutrons remains unchanged.
However, as the number of electrons changes, the electric charge and the electronic structure change, which means that a sodium atom and a sodium ion do not have the same number of electrons, nor do they have the same electric charge or electronic structure.
Therefore, option a) is the correct option.
Answer : The balanced reduction half-reaction is:
Explanation :
Redox reaction or Oxidation-reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the oxidation and reduction reaction takes place simultaneously.
Oxidation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element increases. Or we can say that in oxidation, the loss of electrons takes place.
Reduction reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons. In this, oxidation state of an element decreases. Or we can say that in reduction, the gain of electrons takes place.
The given balanced redox reaction is :
The half oxidation-reduction reactions are:
Oxidation reaction : 
Reduction reaction : 
In order to balance the electrons, we multiply the oxidation reaction by 2 and reduction reaction by 3 and then added both equation, we get the balanced redox reaction.
Oxidation reaction : 
Reduction reaction :
The balanced redox reaction will be:
Thus, the balanced reduction half-reaction is:
