Brains of alzheimer victims display plaque, which are BETA AMYLOID PROTEIN and tangles, which are TAU PROTEIN. Alzheimer is a neuro-degenerative disease in which brain cells are progressively destroyed, leading to memory loss and dementia.
Answer:
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Physical exercise preserves bone mass. Measurements of bone biomarkers may reflect the events in bone during exercise. Fifteen healthy, well-trained individuals (7 men and 8 women) performed a running test for 21 min until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were drawn before and 30 min after the exercise to measure the levels of osteocalcin, the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). After exercise, the women had a marked increase in serum osteocalcin concentrations (from 7.5±5.0 μg/1 to 11.5±3.0 μg/1), whereas the level was unaffected in the men (from 14.5±3.0 μg/1 to 13.5±4.6 μg/l). In the men there was a marked increase in PICP (from 240±47 μg/1 to 268±56 μg/1) that was not seen in the women (from 244±70 μg/1 to 253±60 μg/1). In neither group did ICTP levels change. In conclusion, significant responses were seen in PICP and osteocalcin during exercise, indicating that such measurements may be valuable for the further delineation of the effects of physical activity on bone. Furthermore, the different responses in men and women point to interesting areas for future studies.
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Explanation:
A star of one solar mass remains in main sequence for about 10 billion years, until all of the hydrogen has fused to form helium.
Given what we know, we can confirm that the biome is in fact an open system due to the interactions between the biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.
<h3>What is the biome?</h3>
- The biome is the collection of air, soil, water, and all the organisms that reside within these ecosystems.
- In order to describe an open system, we say that the system must have external interactions.
- A biome is an open system because it has both internal and external interactions, such as with asteroids in space.
- The internal interactions include the ones between the<em><u> biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.</u></em>
- A prime example is the movement of water through each of the spheres.
Therefore, since each part of the biome interacts with each other as well as with external sources such as space, we can confirm that it complies with the definition of an open system.
To learn more about open systems visit:
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