The kind of money used by a group or nation is usually considered currency. Currency can be denominated in paper or coin money, but most currency today exists in bank balances throughout the world in non-physical (exists only on a computer or in a bank ledger) rather than in its physical form.
Answer:
20 years (scenario A) and 16 years (scenario B)
Explanation:
The real GDP will double in "n" number of years, with "n" estimated by interpolation using the formula below.

In the solutions below, we assumed current GDP to be 1, and as a result, the GDP will double to 2.
Scenario A

When you substitute 20 for "n" in the left hand side (LHS) of the equation, you will arrive at 1.99 which is approximately equal to 2. Any number below 20 will result in a number less than 2.
Thus, with an average annual real GDP growth rate of 3.5%, real GDP will double in about 20 years.
Scenario B

When you substitute 16 for "n" in the left hand side (LHS) of the equation, you will arrive at 2.02 which is approximately equal to 2. Any number below 16 will result in a number less than 2.
Thus, with an average annual real GDP growth rate of 4.5%, real GDP will double in about 16 years.
Answer:
PV of 1st option = $185,015.50
PV of 2nd option = $192,683.78
Explanation:
Computing the present value of the monthly payments, we use the formula 
Where PV = present value of the monthly payments
A = monthly salary
r = monthly interest rate = 6%/12 = 0.5% = 0.005
n = number of months = 24 months
PV of the 1st option, $8,200 monthly for the next 2 year
= $185,015.50.
PV of the 2ns option, $6,900 monthly + $37,000 signing bonus
= $155,683.78 + $37,000 = $192,683.78.
Answer:
C. Father and his 35-year-old son investing in separate account.
Explanation:
Quantity discount when offered relates to one particular account, and not multiple accounts at a time.
In a transaction joint accounts are called as single person where there is only one main account in consideration and no secondary account exists for the same.
As in the given options,
Option A of husband and wife investing in a joint account means a single account is made of which both the husband and wife are controllers.
Option B is of UTMA account which is made for the benefit of the minor child, although involves two people that is parent and child, but is run individually by the parent and is a single account.
Further Option C provides for separate investment accounts , which means two different accounts and therefore are completely different one of father and another of son, thus do not qualify of quantity discount jointly, either of the one account can claim the quantity discount as a person.
Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
For a)
The money multiplier or the credit multiplier can be calculated as follows,
Money multiplier = 1 / reserve ratio
Multiplier = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33 times
For b)
For a negative $80 million change by the Fed there will be a total change in the economy of 80 * 8.33 = $666.4 million.
A -80 million change will contract money supply by $666.4 million in the economy.
For c)
This can be calculated by dividing the target by the money multiplier.
So to achieve a change of $500m the Fed will expand the money supply by
= 500 / 8.33 = $60.02m.
Hope that helps.