What is an element that needs to lose or gain 4 valence electrons in order to become stable?

Physics

1 answer:

tiny-mole [99]3 years ago

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Answer:

Elements in Group 14 could lose four, or gain four electrons to achieve a noble gas structure. In fact, if they are going to form ions, Group 14 elements form positive ions. Carbon and silicon form covalent bonds. Carbon's millions of organic compounds are all based on shared electrons in covalent bonds.

Explanation:

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A monochromatic light beam is incident on a barium target that has a work function of 2.50 \mathrm{eV} . If a potential differen

leva [86]

The wavelength of the light beam required to turn back all the ejected electrons is 497 nm which is option (b).

Work function is a material property defined as the minimum amount of energy required to infinitely remove electrons from the surface of a particular solid.
The potential difference required to support all emitted electrons is called the stopping potential which is given by $v_0=\frac{K.E_m_a_x}{e}$ .....(1)
where $v_0$ is the stopping potential and e is the charge of the electron given by $1.6\times10^-^1^9$ .

It is given that work function (Ф) of monochromatic light is 2.50 eV.

Einstein photoelectric equation is given by:

$K.E_m_a_x=E-\phi$ ....(2)

where K.E(max) is the maximum kinetic energy.

Substituting (1) into (2) , we get

$ev_0=E-\phi\\1.6\times10^{-19} \times1=E-2.50\\E=1.6\times10^{-19}+2.50\\E=2.50eV$

As we know that $E=\frac{hc}{\lambda}$ ....(3)

where Speed of light, $c = 3\times10^8 m/s$ and Planck's constant , $h = 6.63\times 10^-^1^9Js = 4.14\times 10^-^1^5 eVs$

From equation (3) , we get

$\lambda=\frac{hc}{E} \\\\\lambda=\frac{ 4.14\times 10^-^1^5 \times 3 \times10^8}{2.50} \\\\\lambda=\frac{1240\times10^-^9}{2.50} \\\\\lambda=496.8\times10^-^9\\\\\lambda=497nm$

Learn about more einstein photoelectric equation here:

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1 year ago

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andreev551 [17]

Answer:

Polarization occurs when an electric field distorts the negative cloud of electrons around positive atomic nuclei in a direction opposite the field. Polarization P in its quantitative meaning is the amount of dipole moment p per unit volume V of a polarized material, P = p/V.

Explanation: