If a substance causes another substance to be oxidized, that substance is an oxidizing agent. Likewise, the substance that is oxidized in an electrochemical reaction is always the reducing agent.
An Oxidizing agent is the one that gets reduced by accepting electrons. It causes oxidation because it makes the other substance lose electrons.
Oxidizing agents also transfer one electronegative atom like oxygen to the other chemical substance. Halogens are an example of oxidizing agents.
A reducing agent is the one that gets oxidized because it loses electrons in a redox reaction. It loses electrons and achieve a higher oxidation state. Lithium is an example of a reducing agent.
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An extra shell, which means further distance between those electrons in the valence shell and the nucleus. Ionisation energy refers to the energy required to remove valence electrons. There will be more energy required if the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus that have a positive charge, because of more attraction. If there is an extra shell, there is further distance, less attraction and hence less energy required.
Answer:
For any cross between Homozygous dominant and Homozygous recessive individual the offspring will always be 100% Heterozygous dominant, that is all will have Rr.
Explanation:
For that you have to use the Aufbau principle
For example, writing the electronic configuration of Fe(28)
I recommend that you memorize the aufbau principle. Once you learn it, you don’t need anything else except the atomic number of the element to write it’s electronic configuration.
It weathers it down until it is nothing but sediment in a river , lake or ocean
