The correct answer is a hypothesis
In the scientific method, a hypothesis can be defined as the provisional or attempted solution to a given problem. The level of truth attributed to such a hypothesis will depend on how the empirical data collected support or not what is stated in the hypothesis. This process, known as empirical contrasting of the hypothesis, can be carried out through confirmation (in the case of universal hypotheses) or verification (in the case of existential hypotheses).
England beacuse after I learnt and research, I knew that England was more at fault than Spain and France
The answer is "the theories change to fit current data".
The meaning of a theory is a plan to clarify something, or
an arrangement of leading standards. In science a theory is an all around
substantiated clarification of some part of the common world, natural world, in
light of an assemblage of realities that have been over and over affirmed
through perception and examination.
The northern Chile has a coastline of the Mediterranean Coastline, so climate there will be dry.