Answer:
AlCl₃, NaBr, C₆H₅COOH, C₆H₁₂O₆.
Explanation:
The more ions in solution, the greater the conductivity of a solution because these charged particles can carry electrons in the solution.
In the first place, when AlCl₃ dissolves in water it produces 4 ions:
AlCl₃(aq) ⇄ Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Cl⁻(aq)
If the solution is 0.20M in AlCl₃, it will be 4 x 0.20M = 0.80M in ions.
Secondly, NaBr is a strong electrolyte (<em>complete ionization</em>) so it produces 2 moles of ions per each mole of NaBr dissolved:
NaBr(aq) ⇄ Na⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)
If the solution is 0.20M in NaBr, it will be 2 x 0.20M = 0.40M in ions.
Then, benzoic acid is a weak electrolyte (<em>partial ionization</em>) so it will produce <em>less than</em> 2 moles of ions per each mole of benzoic acid dissolved:
C₆H₅COOH(aq) ⇄ C₆H₅COO⁻(aq) + H⁺(aq)
If the solution is 0.20M in benzoic acid, the solution will be far below 0.40M in ions.
Finally, sugar has only nonpolar covalent bonds so it will produce no ions in solution, thus being a poor electricity conductor.
100 times less H+
A solution at ph 10 contains<u> </u><u>100 times less H+</u> than the same amount of solution at ph 8.
<h3>The pH scale: How does it function?</h3>
- The pH scale determines how acidic or basic water is.
- The range is 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality.
- Acidity is indicated by pH values below 7, whereas baseness is shown by pH values above 7.
- In reality, pH is a measurement of the proportion of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in water.
<h3>How does the pH change when two acids are combined?</h3>
- An acid's strength increases with the quantity of hydrogen ions it releases.
- The pH of the strong acids is between 1 and 2.
- We may observe that there is no response when two acids of the same strength are combined.
- It's because the end product will be neutral and the pH won't change.
<h3>How is pH value determined?</h3>
There are two ways to measure pH:
- colorimetrically with indicator fluids or sheets
- electrochemically with electrodes and a millivoltmeter for greater accuracy (pH meter).
To learn more about pH visit:
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Answer:
Plants and animals are pH sensitive. The growth of plants is dependent on the nature of the soil. If the pH of the soil is greater than 7 and is alkaline, then the plants cannot grow in the soil.
Explanation:
Pulmonary ventilation, and carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system
Methane is the compound CH4, and burning it uses the reaction:
CH4 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O, which is rather exothermic. To find the heat released by burning a certain amount of the substance, you should look at the bond enthalpy of each compound, and then compare the values before and after the reaction. In methane, there are 4 C-H bonds, which have bond energy of 416 kj/mol, resulting in a total bond energy of 1664 kj/mol. O2 is 494 kj/mol. Therefore we have a total of 2080 kj/mol on the left side. On the right side we have CO2, which has 2 C=O bonds, each at 799 kj/mol each, resulting in 1598 kj/mol, and H2O has 2 O-H bonds, at 459kj/mol each, resulting in a total of 2516 kj/mol on the right hand side. Now, this may be confusing because the left hand side seems to have less heat than the right, but you just need to remember: making minus breaking, which results in a total change of 436kj/mol heat evolved.
Now it is a simple matter of find the mols of CH4 reacted, using n=m/mr.
n = 9.5/16.042 = 0.592195 mol
Therefore, if we reacted 0.592195 mol, and we produced 436 kj for one mol, the total amount of energy evolved was 436*<span>0.592195 kj, or 258.197 kj.</span>
