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tekilochka [14]
2 years ago
10

Find the quantity of heat needed

Physics
1 answer:
krok68 [10]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Approximately 3.99\times 10^{4}\; \rm J (assuming that the melting point of ice is 0\; \rm ^\circ C.)

Explanation:

Convert the unit of mass to kilograms, so as to match the unit of the specific heat capacity of ice and of water.

\begin{aligned}m&= 100\; \rm g \times \frac{1\; \rm kg}{1000\; \rm g} \\ &= 0.100\; \rm kg\end{aligned}

The energy required comes in three parts:

  • Energy required to raise the temperature of that 0.100\; \rm kg of ice from (-10\; \rm ^\circ C) to 0\; \rm ^\circ C (the melting point of ice.)
  • Energy required to turn 0.100\; \rm kg of ice into water while temperature stayed constant.
  • Energy required to raise the temperature of that newly-formed 0.100\; \rm kg of water from 0\; \rm ^\circ C to 10\;\ rm ^\circ C.

The following equation gives the amount of energy Q required to raise the temperature of a sample of mass m and specific heat capacity c by \Delta T:

Q = c \cdot m \cdot \Delta T,

where

  • c is the specific heat capacity of the material,
  • m is the mass of the sample, and
  • \Delta T is the change in the temperature of this sample.

For the first part of energy input, c(\text{ice}) = 2100\; \rm J \cdot kg \cdot K^{-1} whereas m = 0.100\; \rm kg. Calculate the change in the temperature:

\begin{aligned}\Delta T &= T(\text{final}) - T(\text{initial}) \\ &= (0\; \rm ^\circ C) - (-10\; \rm ^\circ C) \\ &= 10\; \rm K\end{aligned}.

Calculate the energy required to achieve that temperature change:

\begin{aligned}Q_1 &= c(\text{ice}) \cdot m(\text{ice}) \cdot \Delta T\\ &= 2100\; \rm J \cdot kg \cdot K^{-1} \\ &\quad\quad \times 0.100\; \rm kg \times 10\; \rm K\\ &= 2.10\times 10^{3}\; \rm J\end{aligned}.

Similarly, for the third part of energy input, c(\text{water}) = 4200\; \rm J \cdot kg \cdot K^{-1} whereas m = 0.100\; \rm kg. Calculate the change in the temperature:

\begin{aligned}\Delta T &= T(\text{final}) - T(\text{initial}) \\ &= (10\; \rm ^\circ C) - (0\; \rm ^\circ C) \\ &= 10\; \rm K\end{aligned}.

Calculate the energy required to achieve that temperature change:

\begin{aligned}Q_3&= c(\text{water}) \cdot m(\text{water}) \cdot \Delta T\\ &= 4200\; \rm J \cdot kg \cdot K^{-1} \\ &\quad\quad \times 0.100\; \rm kg \times 10\; \rm K\\ &= 4.20\times 10^{3}\; \rm J\end{aligned}.

The second part of energy input requires a different equation. The energy Q required to melt a sample of mass m and latent heat of fusion L_\text{f} is:

Q = m \cdot L_\text{f}.

Apply this equation to find the size of the second part of energy input:

\begin{aligned}Q_2&= m \cdot L_\text{f}\\&= 0.100\; \rm kg \times 3.36\times 10^{5}\; \rm J\cdot kg^{-1} \\ &= 3.36\times 10^{4}\; \rm J\end{aligned}.

Find the sum of these three parts of energy:

\begin{aligned}Q &= Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3 = 3.99\times 10^{4}\; \rm J\end{aligned}.

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