Fragile
Osteoporosis is the reduction of the bone density of the bones of the body. This makes bones more susceptible to fracture, and there are a number of factors enhancing the chances of the development of osteoporosis in an individual. These factors include lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet, genetics, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, excessive drinking and many more.
COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, pretty much says it all. In COPD the Bronchioles (the pathways of air to the Aveoli), become inflamed and are occluded by mucus, because the Cilia which are responsible for pushing it out of the tract have been damaged. Because of the narrowing, the Aveoli attempt to increase the surface area so that more oxygen can be absorbed by the lungs, however this can lead to a problem as the dead space (space that is not the aveoli and can be absorbed) is then expanded as well, which leads to shortness of breath.
Answer:
negative calcium balance resulting from insuffcient vitamin D and action.
Explanation:
negative calcium balance primarily occurs when intestinal calcium absorption is impaired and fails to balance the intestinal and renal calcium loss.
