Answer and Explanation:
Ribosomes are the primary structure for protein synthesis. They can be found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytosol.
Free ribosomes are not attached to any cytoplasmic structure or organelle. They synthesize proteins only for internal cell use. Other ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and they are in charge of synthesizing membrane proteins or exportation proteins. Free and attached ribosomes are identical and they can alternate their location. This means that although free ribosomes are floating in the cytosol, eventually, they can get attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Synthesis of proteins that are destined to membrane or exportation starts in the cytoplasm with the production of a molecule portion known as a <u>signal aminoacidic sequence</u>. This signal sequence varies between 13 and 36 amino acids, is located in the <u>amino extreme</u> of the synthesizing protein, and when it reaches a certain length, it meets the <u>signal recognizing particle</u>. This particle joins the signal sequence of the protein and leads the synthesizing protein and associated ribosome to a specific region in the Rough endoplasmic reticulum where it continues the protein building. When they reach the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, the signal recognizing particle links to a receptor associated with a pore. Meanwhile, the ribosome keeps synthesizing the protein, and the enlarged polypeptidic chain goes forward the reticulum lumen through the pore. While this is happening, another enzyme cuts the signal sequence, an action that requires energy from the ATP hydrolysis. When the new protein synthesis is complete, the polypeptide is released into the reticulum lumen. Here it also happens the protein folding (which is possible by the formation of disulfide bridges of proteins are formed) and the initial stages of glycosylation (the oligosaccharide addition).
Once membrane proteins are folded in the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum, they are packaged into vesicles and sent to the Golgi complex, where it occurs the final association of carbohydrates with proteins. The Golgi complex sends proteins to their different destinies. Proteins destined to a certain place are packaged all together in the same vesicle and sent to the target organelle. In the case of membrane proteins, they are packaged in vesicles and sent to the cell membrane where they get incrusted.
There are certain signal sequences in the <u>carboxy-terminal extreme</u> of the protein that plays an important role during the transport of membrane proteins. A signal as simple as one amino acid in the c-terminal extreme is responsible for the correct transport of the molecule through the whole traject until it reaches the membrane.
The correct answer is Parents pass their physical traits to their offspring; those offspring with traits that help them survive in their environment are able to reproduce.
Explanation:
The modern theory of evolution explains the mechanisms that make organisms change. One of the main ideas this theory proposes is that organisms with traits that help them survive or reproduce have higher chances to pass their genes and traits to new generations. This mechanism makes certain traits to be favored and contributes to the evolution of organisms because after multiple generations certain traits will prevail while others will be eliminated.
Moreover, this theory specifies genes in an organism are not acquired or modified during its life but these are the results of the traits passed to the organism by its parents and evolution occurs only after a long time or multiple generations. According to this, the first option is the correct one.
Answer:
1
Female gametes:
ab= 0%
ab+=0%
a+b=0%
a+b+=0%
for the miniature phenotype to occur, it is necessary to contain two recessive characters and the female must have both for it to occur, if it is homozygous for b + it will have 2 alleles b +, understanding that the female is aab + b it will only occur gametes ab +
.
2. Phenotype
Miniature body + gray=25%
Large body +gray = 50%
Large body +ebony = 25%
Miniature body +ebony =0%
As the crossing cannot occur in males, the gametes it can produce are: ab + and a + b. Although the crossing can occur in women. The gametes produced are: ab +, a + b, ab and a + b +.
the crossing occurs only in the females generating the gametes ab +, a + b, ab and a + b +
The genotypes corresponding to:
Punnet graphic
large gray body: a + ab + b, a + ab + b +, a + a + b + b
big body and ebony: a + a + bb, a + abb
miniature and gray body: aab + b +, aab + b
Answer:
One of the central conclusions Mendel reached after studying and breeding multiple generations of pea plants was the idea that "[you cannot] draw from the external resemblances [any] conclusions as to [the plants'] internal nature." Today, scientists use the word "phenotype" to refer to what Mendel termed an organism's "external resemblance," and the word "genotype" to refer to what Mendel termed an organism's "internal nature." Thus, to restate Mendel's conclusion in modern terms, an organism's genotype cannot be inferred by simply observing its phenotype. Indeed, Mendel's experiments revealed that phenotypes could be hidden in one generation, only to reemerge in subsequent generations. Mendel thus wondered how organisms preserved the "elementen" (or hereditary material) associated with these traits in the intervening generation, when the traits were hidden from view.
Answer:
D- Estuary
Explanation:
estuaries are where the tide meets a stream, they happen above the water/not very deep in the water
