B.
The Constitution is a written document which is considered fundamental for the establishment of a nation-state based in the rule of law. As such, it is the highest form of law which is obeyed by all members of a state and is responsible for establishing the framework for all legislative, judicial, and executive processes. The Constitution, as a legal document, supercedes state law.
Answer:
External political actors are the people or entities that could affect the outcome of our political situation but they do not belong in our political hemisphere.
For example,
Let's say that Country A has 2 candidates in a presidential election. The policies that planned by the first candidate will be beneficial for Country B while policies planned by the second candidate will do the exact opposite.
So, Country B sent its agents to mess with the election in Country A in order to help the first candidate win the election.
Under such circumstances, we can say that Country B is acting as an external political actors in Country A's politic.
<h2>
To appeal to the dissatisfied, multi-ethnic population of the Soviet Union.</h2>
A comment from the <em>History Channel</em> explains the situation in the USSR when Gorbachev was in power. "In 1985, even many of the most conservative hardliners realized that much needed to change. The Soviet economy was faltering and dissidents and internal and external critics were calling for an end to political repression and government secrecy." As far as the aim of Gorbachev's reforms, "The plan was for the Soviet Union to become more transparent, and in turn for the leadership of the nation and the Communist Party to be improved," according to <em>YourDictionary</em>.
In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed policies of <em>perestroika </em>(restructuring) and <em>glasnost</em> (openness) in the Soviet Union. These seemed like policies that leaned in the direction of Western ways of economics and politics. <em>Perestroika </em>meant allowing some measure of private enterprise in the Soviet Union. <em>Glasnost </em>meant allowing a bit of freedom in regard to speech and publication. Gorbachev was not trying to get rid of the Soviet communist system. He actually was trying to prop it up and preserve it, because it was starting to have many problems sustaining itself, and there was too much dissatisfaction and dissent occurring among the country's people. But in the end, opening things up a bit with <em>perestroika </em>and <em>glasnost</em> policies pushed the USSR further in the direction of shedding the communist model under which it had lived for so long, and would begin to spell the end of the USSR.
